{"id":1550,"date":"2020-03-08T05:09:39","date_gmt":"2020-03-08T05:09:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fpicdialogue.org\/?p=1550"},"modified":"2021-06-10T02:25:51","modified_gmt":"2021-06-10T02:25:51","slug":"policy-context","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fpicdialogue.org\/fr\/policy-context\/","title":{"rendered":"Contexte de la Politique"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Le consentement libre, pr\u00e9alable et \u00e9clair\u00e9 (CLPE) est un droit des peuples autochtones, reconnu par le droit international, qui d\u00e9coule du droit \u00e0 l'autod\u00e9termination; le droit de poursuivre librement le d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique, social et culturel; et les droits de l'homme individuels. Son statut de droit a \u00e9t\u00e9 affirm\u00e9 par divers organes des droits de l'homme et la jurisprudence pertinente.<\/p>\n<p>Les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/development\/desa\/indigenouspeoples\/declaration-on-the-rights-of-indigenous-peoples.html\">Declaration Des Nations Unies Sur Les Droits Des Peuples Autochtones<\/a> (<strong>DNUDPA<\/strong>) a \u00e9t\u00e9 adopt\u00e9e par l'Assembl\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale des Nations Unies en 2007. La DNUDPA mentionne explicitement le droit au CLPE dans les circonstances suivantes:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>avant la r\u00e9installation (Article 10)<\/li>\n<li>avant l\u2019utilisation de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 culturelle, intellectuelle, religieuse et spirituelle des peuples autochtones (Article 11)<\/li>\n<li>avant la mise en \u0153uvre de mesures l\u00e9gislatives ou administratives susceptibles d'affecter les peuples autochtones (Article 19)<\/li>\n<li>avant l'utilisation des terres (Article 28)<\/li>\n<li>avant le stockage ou l\u2019\u00e9limination de mati\u00e8res dangereuses sur les terres des peuples autochtones (Article 29)<\/li>\n<li>avant l'approbation par l'\u00c9tat de \u00abtout projet affectant leurs terres ou territoires et autres ressources, notamment en relation avec le d\u00e9veloppement, l'utilisation ou l'exploitation de ressources min\u00e9rales, de l'eau ou autres\u00bb (Article 32)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>En tant que r\u00e9solution de l'Assembl\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, la DNUDPA est une d\u00e9claration politique internationale. Elle a une force morale et est devenue un cadre de politique dans plusieurs pays. Les lois nationales sont n\u00e9cessaires dans chaque pays pour lui donner force de loi dans les juridictions qui l'ont adopt\u00e9e. Cependant, de nombreux pays ne reconnaissent pas les Peuples Autochtones (ou n'en reconnaissent que quelques-uns) et contournent donc le CLPE de cette mani\u00e8re.<\/p>\n<p>En 1989, <strong>l'Organisation Internationale du Travail (OIT) <\/strong>a adopt\u00e9 la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/dyn\/normlex\/en\/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO::P12100_ILO_CODE:C169\">Convention relative aux Peuples Autochtones et Tribaux<\/a> (\u00e9galement connue sous le nom de <strong>Convention 169<\/strong>), qui reconna\u00eet le droit des peuples autochtones \u00e0 \u00eatre <em>consult\u00e9s<\/em> lorsqu'ils seraient touch\u00e9s par des projets de d\u00e9veloppement et \u00abchaque fois que l'on r\u00e9fl\u00e9chit aux mesures l\u00e9gislatives ou administratives susceptibles de les affecter directement\u00bb (article 6, paragraphe 1a.) L'OIT 169 exige que ces consultations soient men\u00e9es de bonne foi et que \u00abl'objectif de ces consultations soit l'accord ou le consentement\u00bb (article 6 , paragraphe 2). L'article 16 exige sp\u00e9cifiquement un \u00abconsentement\u00bb avant la r\u00e9installation. L'OIT 169 a un statut de trait\u00e9 et document juridiquement contraignant pour les 23 pays qui l'ont ratifi\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Autres Politiques et D\u00e9finitions<br \/>\n<\/strong>Plusieurs autres m\u00e9canismes volontaires existent qui obligent les entreprises \u00e0 consulter et \u00e0 obtenir le consentement lorsque les projets affectent les droits des peuples autochtones, tels que:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Les exigences des investisseurs, comme dans le cas de la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ifc.org\/wps\/wcm\/connect\/topics_ext_content\/ifc_external_corporate_site\/sustainability-at-ifc\/policies-standards\/performance-standards\/ps7\">Norme de Performance 7 de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Financi\u00e8re Internationale (SFI)<\/a>des <a href=\"https:\/\/equator-principles.com\/about\/\">Principes de l\u2019Equateur<\/a>ou du <a href=\"https:\/\/www.greenclimate.fund\/\">Fonds Vert pour le Climat<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Les associations de l\u2019industrie, telles que la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.icmm.com\/en-gb\/members\/member-commitments\/position-statements\/indigenous-peoples-and-mining-position-statement\">d\u00e9claration de position du Conseil International des Mines et des Min\u00e9raux (CIMM) sur les Peuples autochtones et l\u2019exploitation mini\u00e8re<\/a> et les exigences d\u2019assurance associ\u00e9es.<\/li>\n<li>Politiques volontaires des entreprises<\/li>\n<li>Participation \u00e0 des programmes de certification volontaire, tels que l'\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/responsiblemining.net\/what-we-do\/standard\/\">Initiative pour une assurance mini\u00e8re responsable (IRMA)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Il est important de noter que si plusieurs entreprises se sont engag\u00e9es publiquement \u00e0 l'\u00e9gard du CLPE, que ce soit dans leurs politiques ou sur leurs sites Web, elles peuvent ne pas disposer d'orientations internes claires sur la mani\u00e8re de mettre en \u0153uvre le CLPE. Ce guide vise \u00e0 renforcer cette mise en \u0153uvre.<\/p>\n<p><b>Voir aussi :<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fpicdialogue.org\/fr\/why-do-indigenous-peoples-need-fpic\/\">Why Governments &amp; Companies Should Respect FPIC<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fpicdialogue.org\/fr\/the-spirit-of-fpic\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L'esprit du CLPE<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Free, prior, and informed consent (FPIC) is a right of Indigenous peoples, recognized under international law, which derives from the right of self-determination; the right to freely pursue economic, social, &hellip; <a class=\"kt-excerpt-readmore\" href=\"https:\/\/fpicdialogue.org\/fr\/policy-context\/\" aria-label=\"Policy&nbsp;Context\">Lire la suite<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","kt_blocks_editor_width":"","_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[70,55],"tags":[75],"class_list":["post-1550","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fpic-dialogue","category-resources","tag-about-the-guide"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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